Survey is an efficient way of collecting information from a large number of respondents. Very large samples are possible in surveying. Statistical techniques can be used to determine validity, reliability and statistical significance.
Surveys are flexible in the sense that a wide range of information can be collected. They can be used to study attitudes, values, beliefs, and past behaviours. Because they are standardized, they are relatively free from several types of errors. There is an economy in data collection due to the focus provided by standardised questions. Only questions of interest to the researcher are asked, recorded, codified, and analysed. Surveys depend on subjects’ motivation, honesty, memory and ability to respond.
Surveys are not appropriate for studying complex social phenomena. The individual is not the best unit of analysis in these cases. Surveys do not give a full sense of social processes and the analysis seems superficial.
Surveys may be used as part of dispute resolution, or to solicit opinions before making significant changes. They can be useful in developing consensus when community opinion is not immediately obvious in normal discussion.
The results of a survey are not binding, and may be subject to interpretation. A survey may sometimes be called a poll, and it may involve voting for different options, but it is not the same thing as an election.
Opinion surveys should be used to determine whether a consensus exists, not to decide which side "wins". Successful surveys and polls can never generate consensus, they can only show an existing consensus, if any. Using a survey may be useful because some people who disagree will nevertheless recognise and accept the consensus opinion of the community.
Decisions should be made by consensus decision making rather than a strict majority rule. However, on occasion it is useful to take a survey of opinions on some issue, as an aid to achieving consensus and an indication of which options have the most support.
Opinion poll is a tool for quickly probing opinions. Opinion polls should not have opening and closing times as votes do. Instead, just give everybody a chance to chip in with a simple yes or no. An opinion poll is not a binding vote, or a way to beat dissenters over the head with the will of the majority. Even if a large number of people vote for one option but some don't, this doesn't mean that that's the outcome. It means some people are disagreeing, and that has to be addressed. |